Why, When, Where, and How?

By Stephen Tomori, Kindred Spirits Consulting
The process of starting a distillery is a daunting adventure that a number of entrepreneurs have undertaken in the past decade with mixed results. The process itself is comprised of navigating outdated and overly complicated government regulations, tariffs, fights with local authorities unfamiliar with the codes related to building out a distillery, and then trying to stake a claim in one of the fastest growing consumer markets.
Some of these entrepreneurs have failed at their first attempt, due to improper planning and poor usage of available funds. Others are barely making ends meet, while burning the candle at both ends. Finally, you have the final category of those who planned well, executed their plan, and have reaped the rewards of success. There are no guarantees when it comes to starting a business and a distillery is no different than any other venture. However, in order to have the best chances in making your business a success you will need to consider the Why, When, Where, and How before embarking on this journey.
Why am I Starting a Distillery?
The reasons why you are starting a distillery affect your motivations and your willingness to stick out some tough times. If your goal is to make money, you can stop right here. If your goal is to make some truly great spirits and pursue a passion you might be on the right track.
The world is changing and there have been some major shifts in the buying mentality of the younger generation. Consumers are picking up on the fact that the line between true craft spirits and commercialized mass-produced spirits is becoming blurred. The reason? A number of so-called craft distilleries are simply sourcing in commodity spirits and GNS flooding the market.
The quality of the spirits you make are largely dictated by the quality of the raw materials you use. Since craft distilleries operate on a smaller scale and have more control over their day to day, there should be a noticeable difference between something made from scratch from the highest quality grains available and standard commodity grains. Your commitment to making something unique and truly great is what will help you maintain momentum despite the challenges you will face throughout the process.
Your definition of success is also something you should consider before starting a distillery. Are your aspirations to be acquired by a major company? Do you dream of having a nationwide brand on shelves in stores and bars across the country? These dreams can be attained with a large budget for a buildout in a great space and by dedicating an enormous sum to marketing and branding. If your definition of success is a little smaller, doing something you love, something you can share with friends and family while covering your expenses and then some, you will be able to achieve those goals with less monetary investment.
When is the Best Time to Start a Distillery?
We are currently in a craft distilling boom. There are now over 3,000 craft distilleries in the United States and that number continues to grow each year! Craft breweries and wineries are on the decline, but consumers are continuing to enjoy the great craft spirits being made. Now more than ever people have options when it comes to the sprits they are enjoying. Many are using this opportunity in the market to pivot from other careers to distilling. Some of the best distillers are from backgrounds in art, engineering, sciences, and other fields where they are able to apply the skills they have developed over the years to the art of distilling.
Every industry has its highs and lows and there definitely was a major increase in consumption during the pandemic, that is not to say that people are not consuming now. The amount of alcohol consumed annually has steadily grown each year in the world and consumers are developing a taste for premium spirits. Over the past few years there has been increases in the premium and super premium markets by 35.2% and 22.8% respectively, according to research done by Penn State. This kind of market shift is great for craft distilleries as it is primarily the highest profit section in the industry. The premiumization focus has been primarily on Whiskies like Bourbon and Scotch, but other spirits are on the rise like American rums, gins and RTDs.
Each business will have to count the cost to determine if now is the right time. While still possible to get small business loans and other forms of monetary inputs, loaners are becoming increasingly stricter. Meeting your funding goals is a crucial step in starting a distillery, so be sure to make an honest assessment of whether your goals are feasible.
Where Should I Start My Distillery?
This is the $500,000/1 Million/10 Million dollar question. The location of your distillery will drastically affect the total amount of funds required in its buildout and construction. Things that can be significantly different from place to place are taxes (both excise and local), property costs, building codes, population density, population demographics, and much more. Expectations also change depending on where you are located.
The main focus of picking a location is ensuring it is large enough to fit the right sized equipment to be able to meet all of your production goals for the first three to five years and enable you to sell and showcase your products efficiently.
If you are in a small town, you might be able to make a decent living with a small distillery with a small bar attached to showcase your spirits. This would enable you to keep your up-front costs down and start turning a profit quickly.

Life in a big city can be a bit more challenging to start. You will have to deal with increased property or lease prices and in turn have to increase your production and sales to match. You may also have to compete with other bars/restaurants, so the fit and finish of your public facing space will need to be a bit more sophisticated to draw in consumers. You will have access to a much greater number of consumers and your marketing and advertising will see greater impact and returns. You also could potentially have the best of both worlds with a “Non-Contiguous” setup where the majority of production is performed at one site while you maintain a smaller public facing space to interact with consumers. This allows for great production capability in a larger cheaper area, yet maintain the pros of having a smaller location in a prime area for sales.
Your commute is another thing to think about when selecting a location for your distillery. During the first few years of operation, you will be spending a large amount of time at the distillery. Do you really want a long ride home after working all day? Another thing to think about is the local availability of workers to help you achieve your goals. Are there enough employees available to help with distilling, bartending, and sales in your area? Do a thorough investigation to see what comparable salaries would be for those working at your establishment.
How Can I Make Sure I Make the Best Decisions Throughout the Process?
If you have made it this far and you are committed to pursuing the process of starting a distillery you no doubt you want to do everything you can to make it a success. This involves wisely budgeting and spending, setting up a safe and productive space for making your product, using the best raw materials you can to ensure the quality of what you make, and to dedicate the proper amount of money towards marketing and branding.
Marketing and branding are what introduce your product and brand to the consumer. With so many options out there, a compelling story and professionally designed label is key to having someone give your product a chance. It has been said numerous times, “your branding sells your first bottle, and your quality sells your second” so don’t skimp when it comes to developing your brand.
The best advice anyone can give is to learn all you can before embarking on this journey. There are a number of ways to get familiar with the industry.
Extensive courses are available through schools like Heriott-Watt, Louisville University, Kentucky State and others. Keeping in mind that these courses take a significant amount of time and going back to school may not be an option for those who already have other careers or family responsibilities. Short courses are offered by other establishments that won’t be as much of a time investment, but they still cost a decent amount of money and only give you a brief overview of the processes typical in a distillery.
If you don’t have the time or extra funds to attend one of these schools, your best option is to hire a guide to help you along the way. There are a number of consultants and consulting groups in the industry who can help you to reach your specific goals, while saving you money and headaches.
Many of them offer consulting on the things specific to your situation and needs. They can help you navigate the confusing waters of the TTB paperwork and permitting process, assist with layout and equipment selection, help you develop recipes, teach you how operate your equipment, and much more.
Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. A good consultant should save you significantly more than you spend on their services. If they aren’t saving you money or headaches switch to someone who will.

Kindred Spirits Consulting: Owner and Lead Consultant Stephen Tomori