Company Distilling: Gather, Eat and Drink

Photo of Company Distilling's building from the front

By: Gerald Dlubala

Strolling into Townsend, Tennessee, on the peaceful side of the Smokies, you can’t help but notice the relaxed atmosphere. Located at the base of the Smoky Mountains, Townsend is an outdoor activity hotbed featuring some of the best hiking, mountain biking and camping you’ll find. Along the main parkway, you’ll also come across a unique, welcoming, 4,000-square-foot glass-enclosed building with a back patio with games and outdoor seating. Look a little closer, and you’ll recognize the shimmer of distilling and brewing equipment gleaming through the massive windows. This is the home of Company Distilling, and we’re all invited inside.

  Jeff Arnett, the Master Distiller of Company Distilling, was with Jack Daniels for 20 years, 12 of those as a master distiller. Although demanding, it was a dream job, and he loved the people he worked with. But after expanding the Jack Daniels portfolio from three to 11 products and winning “Master Distiller of the Year” in 2017, Arnett felt the urge to build his own brand from the ground up. At Townsend’s annual Grains and Grits Festival, a yearly event on the first Saturday of November featuring locally produced spirits and food, that urge began to pick up steam.

Photo of Jeff Arnett, Mater Distiller of Company Distilling

Great Location & Great People Produce Great Products

  “I thought Townsend was a beautiful location,” said Arnett. “I knew the people there, and I knew they were interested in having a distillery in Blount

County. I knew that you need great people to produce a great product. After talking with other distillers, they all pushed their chips in, so we had distillers who could make whiskey, gin and beer. We also had GM experience within the group, so as friends with a common goal, we decided to take a leap of faith and create Company Distilling. We’re not the first distillery in Blount County, just the first legal one.”

  “The name for Company Distilling was inspired by the pandemic when we all had to rethink how we were gathering and how we could get together with our families,” said Arnett. “We couldn’t just go to restaurants or bars and order what we wanted anymore. We entertained and gathered in our homes with those we held dearest. They were moments to be cherished and shared, so we wanted to make a product that reflected that sentiment here at Company Distilling. When I was little, my mom told me to clean my room and shower when company came. You put your best foot forward for the guests that come to your home. We made a product that, once discovered, you want to share with your closest friends and family. It was natural that we call ourselves Company Distilling to reflect that attitude. It became our inspiration.”

  Arnett wanted to explore wood finishing. He started doing it at Jack Daniels on a small-scale distiller series. One of the eight new products he brought into Jack Daniels’ portfolio was the No. 27 Gold. It was double-barreled and double-mellowed using maple barrels and charcoal, along with the original white oak barrel. Arnett said that it was one of the best products that they made. However, the maple barrels tended to leak more, losing more liquid and driving costs up. The process needed improving. Arnett worked to modify the process, and after several years of development, it has created additional opportunities to replicate a double-barreling method using non-traditional barrel woods. This proprietary process allows Arnett to offer products containing a new and natural range of character and flavor without additional additives.

  “As a distiller, you want to work with water, grains, yeast, oak barrels and woods as much as possible to create nuance and character,” said Arnett. “There are three native forms of American whiskey known to be created in the United States: Tennessee whiskey, bourbon whiskey and rye whiskey. We wanted to respect and reflect that history with three successful, wood-finished products and offer flights for comparison. Our first product was our straight bourbon whiskey finished with maple, and now we offer our straight rye whiskey finished with cherrywood and our straight Tennessee whiskey finished with applewood. These perfectly demonstrate how our natural, wood finishing process builds unique character and flavor enhancements.”

Company Products for All Tastes and Occasions

  Company Distilling also produces the Ace Gap brand of flavored spirits. Although Company’s brand is not about mason jar moonshine, East Tennessee is a hotbed for it. With Ace Gap flavored spirits, Company stays true to the Smokey Mountains history and Tennessee’s moonshine roots.

  “Before forming the Smokey Mountains National Park, loggers were cutting trees in what is now known as the Ace Gap Trail,” said Arnett. “There was a still out there, and the loggers would sit around, play cards and drink their shine. To honor that, the GPS coordinates for Ace Gap are on the back of the Ace Gap bottles. Our flavored spirits are available in eight flavors and, more importantly, are very cocktail-friendly in contrast to true moonshine. When Townsend is full, there are about 15,000 people in the campgrounds, including many families. We wanted to offer a product that allowed the campers to make a simple cocktail in the campground with ingredients they may already have or could easily pick up at the market, like lemonade, limeade, cream, tea, milk or whatever. Our flavored spirits taste like what the labels say they taste like, without the traditional corn nose and note of traditional moonshine.”

  In addition to the Townsend location, Company Distilling has a smaller site in Thompson’s Station, south of Nashville. The Thompson’s Station location distills their Ghost Rail Gin, which won “Best Gin” at the 2021 Ascot Awards.

  Company Distilling is a true brewstillery, offering six beers brewed in-house and on tap for visitors, thirsty campers and parched mountain bikers. For those that prefer a cold, refreshing, locally made, great beer, choices include Fest Bier, Kolsch, American Lager, Black Rye IPA, American IPA and a New England IPA.

  “We took out the traditional mash cooker and fermenter system and replaced it with Deutsche equipment to make 3 ½-barrel batches of beer,” said Arnett. “You have to make beer first and then distill it into whiskey anyway. The two processes are pretty well tied together, but we included lagering tanks, a boiling kettle, the lauter tun and everything you need to get grain solids out and pasteurize and make high-quality beer.”

You’re Not Just a Visitor, You’re Company

  Walking into Company Distilling in Townsend, you are immediately taken by the massive windows looking into the production area and providing spectacular views of the surrounding landscape and mountains. Live music enhances the experience on weekends. Of Company Distilling’s 4,000 square feet, one quarter of it is production space viewable through large glass panels. Here, you’ll likely spot Arnett and his team hard at work getting things just right. Both locations feature tasting rooms, bottle shops and cocktail menus.

  Along with regular tastings, visitors can fill a bottle and enjoy a premium tasting with the master distiller experience at the Townsend location. A small service kitchen, the Amico Deli, provides hot and cold food. Having had lunch and experiencing the exceptional folks and customer service at the Townsend location, I can tell you that they really do treat everyone as welcome and cherished company, and the food is on par with their handcrafted spirits and beer.

  “We want to share our success with everyone else around here because, ultimately, that’s what it is all about,” said Arnett. “Townsend has a lot of green space, where people come to tube the river, mountain bike and hike. We cater to outdoor enthusiasts by making our distillery a glass box that connects to the outdoor landscape and beauty. Townsend experiences precipitation that gets pushed here from the mountains an average of 100 days a year, so connecting with the outdoors is important even on those less-than-perfect days. We create our spirits thoughtfully on the peaceful side of the Smokies so our customers can enjoy them surrounded by spruce, fir and hardwood. We make our bourbon with a proprietary, toasted maple wood finishing process. We take hard sugar maple and toast it, caramelizing the natural sugars in the wood. We reduce the maple for entry into the oak barrel and then pull periodic samples to determine when the liquid is ready for bottling. Our products are ready when they’re ready, determined only by taste and time.”

Looking Ahead

  “Besides our two locations, we have a 30+-acre property in Alcoa, near Knoxville airport,” said Arnett. “It’s an old brick plant that made the brick for the Alcoa Aluminum plant. It would be able to hold up to 10,000 barrels. We hope to build our main distillery adjacent to it if we can purchase an adjoining five-acre tract of land. We’re working on it. Until then, it’ll be another year or so for us to have our main facility up and running.”

  Arnett tells Beverage Master Magazine that he plans to develop a new product yearly. The release date will coincide with Townsend’s annual Grains to Grits Festival, when Townsend hosts 1,000-1,500 spirits lovers ready to experience new and innovative products.

Enjoying the Work Makes it Worthwhile

  “It’s been a slow process, and we’re pushing it uphill, making progress,” said Arnett. “It’s good to see. Distilling is a lot of work, but it’s enjoyable work. I’m super hands-on right now, still toasting my own wood with a proprietary process. You have to love and do what you do for the right reasons. Townsend was the first facility we built, with the new build being in the same location with the same grandfathered-in footprint. All our town has is electricity and septic, so we won’t build a national brand out of here. But we are close to Cades Cove, the most visited spot within the most visited national park. Our location allows visitors to get to know who we are. We have nearly two million cars passing us annually and are within a day’s drive of half the U.S. population. We directly distribute to six states and look to double that soon. Others can get our products through Seelbach’s online.”

  Arnett says that Company Distilling tests and tunes its products before moving them into the recognizable Company signature bottle. Their Cherrywood Finished Rye won double platinum this year and entered the Company lineup. The Applewood Finished Tennessee Whiskey was released on International Tennessee Whiskey Day, May 21, commemorating the day Tennessee repealed prohibition in 1937. Arnett said they lost out on the award cycle by holding it back. But because the product has been so welcomed and is now one of their most popular, it was also moved into the Company lineup, fulfilling Arnett’s initial goal of offering wood-finished versions of the first three spirits made in the U.S. In addition to the tasting flights and master distiller experience, Arnett will begin hosting whiskey dinners and working to get his products available in nearby restaurants and country clubs.

  Take it from me: visiting is a must if you’re anywhere within reach of Company Distilling. After all, you’re always invited because you’re company.

Company Distilling

8351 TN-73, Townsend, TN 37882

www.companydistilling.com

(865) 366-4360

info@companydistilling.com

2023 – Quarter Three Lender Update on the Craft Brewing Market

Man standing by brewery tanks holding up and looking at a glass of beer with foam

By: Adam Stump – Managing Director at Hilco Valuation Services

Since our previous Craft Brewing article published back in mid 2020, fear of mass closures in the craft brewing industry has subsided, and the industry as a whole seems to have largely recovered.

  As of 2023 – Quarter Three, we have seen microbreweries faring somewhat better than brew pubs when comparing openings vs closings. This can be largely attributed to the higher food cost and lower margins associated with the pubs. The labor market, which continues to present challenges across all areas of customer service, also remains an impediment to brew pub operational efficiency and profitability.

  Closings of small breweries rose in 2022 as compared with 2021, but were only around 3% of the market, which is relatively low and further signifies that the industry is maturing. Meanwhile, the overall U.S. brewery count increased from 9,384 in 2021 to 9,709 in 2022.

  U.S. beer volume was also down just over 3% last year. While craft volume was up slightly, it is worth noting that total Craft volume stood at 21MM BBLs in 2014 and has grown by only 3MM BBLS over nine years to reach a level of 24MM BBLs in 2022, with quite a few ups and downs in between. Many in the industry and across the associated supply chain had hoped and, in some cases, banked on more significant growth.

  Year-over-year craft beer production volume was relatively flat in 2022 when compared with the previous year, while draft and distributed sales were down somewhat. We expect that this will require breweries to refocus on stronger brands and geographies while still innovating new products moving ahead.

  Craft breweries have continued to diversify their portfolios in an attempt to reach a broader audience via a variety of beverage offerings. These include items such as seltzer, canned cocktails, hard kombucha, and other creative options designed for today’s palate. Most are targeted at those who do not regularly drink beer, producers’ core offering. This year we have also seen greater numbers of operators with excess capacity more proactively seeking out and providing contract brewing services to third parties. While this practice can help generate necessary cash flow in the short term, it can have the unintended consequence of stalling out an operator’s longer-term planned growth strategy. In some cases, both in this and other industries, we have seen this lead to a lack of investor confidence and cascading funding issues.

  These factors, combined with the nature of a maturing industry with increased competition, make for an environment conducive to acquisition and consolidation. Accordingly, a number of deals have taken place recently. Already in 2023, Stoup Brewing acquired Optimism Brewing and Lucky Bucket was bought back by its original co-founder, now the owner of Brickway Brewery and Distillery. These transactions follow other notable sales that have taken place over the past couple of years, including the Bell’s Brewery sale to Australia/New Zealand-based Lion, a division of Kirin Brewing Company and Stone Brewing’s sale to Sapporo Breweries.

  As always, Industry-backed engagement with state regulators and legislators has been active this year. The emphasis of these efforts now is on further loosening laws such as those for differentiating malt-based and spirit based tax rates, direct-to-consumer shipping and self-distribution, as well as sports and entertainment sponsorships that result in near exclusivity. These are important issues for many operators that stand to directly affect their market share and profitability moving ahead.

Photo of 4 different beers in glasses with caption saying by 2025 47% of spending and 25% of volume consumption of beer will be attributed to bars, restaurants, and breweries

  While supply chains have continued to ease, enabling faster access to new equipment, the cost of acquiring those new assets has risen notably as a result of inflation, the tight labor market, and higher raw material costs. Additionally, a continued CO2 shortage has impacted the industry. Because brewers use CO2 to purge oxygen levels during certain critical processes and for pressurizing tanks and moving beer through lines, some have taken to recapturing the gas during the fermentation process, for later reuse. The good news is that overall, import shipping and delivery costs have decreased by nearly 50 percent since the peak of the pandemic-driven commercial transportation crisis and fewer manufacturers are reporting cancellations on existing orders.

  With government assistance well behind us and capital harder to come by, producers and marketers across the beer market are having to refocus their efforts on their best performing brands. We are seeing this play out in many ways, perhaps most notably with Constellation brands which first signaled its exit from craft beer via the sale of Ballast Point to Kings and Convicts Brewing in 2019 for a fraction of its purchase price, and more recently with the divestiture of both Funky Buddha Brewery and Four Corners Brewing, presumably also at a significant loss.

  Lastly, it is important to point out a variety of trends that have been pervasive in the craft beer industry over the past year. Some of the most notable of these are summarized below:

•    Sour beers have continued to gain popularity, transitioning from niche to mainstream and driving impressive sales for many of those brewers who have embraced the trend.

•    After being largely disregarded on the craft scene, lagers are enjoying a healthy resurgence alongside dominant IPAs.

•    The rise of CBD’s popularity has resulted in many craft breweries experimenting with CBD-infused beers targeted at those likely to appreciate their relaxing properties.

•    Appealing to those who prefer or frequently drink wine, the wine-like notes of rosé beer are growing in acceptance and popularity.

•    Greater access to hops is allowing more breweries to produce fresh hop beers that are generating solid enthusiasm from customers.

•    Hazy, fruity beers are continuing to thrive, attracting first-time and experienced beer drinkers to their ranks.

Concluding Thoughts for Lenders with Industry Exposure

  Because craft brewers specialize in regional, unique beer styles such as ales, stouts, and wheat beers, these smaller enterprises tend to encounter certain challenges that are unlike those faced by their large scale, mass production brewer counterparts. For example, craft breweries rely heavily on local water quality, which affects the flavor of their beer. The specific mineral content in water is also crucial for certain varieties. Importantly, for every gallon of craft beer produced, up to seven gallons of water may be used. This makes access to pure water sources critical and any disruption to that access potentially catastrophic.

  While craft beer aficionados appreciate a variety of flavors, brand loyalty can be fleeting. To remain relevant and successful, craft breweries must constantly be innovating and introducing new offerings. The cost of this type of constant innovation can be significant, particularly when the market does not respond well to one or more of a brewer’s releases. In addition to the industry lobbying efforts referenced earlier in this article, the Brewers Association is actively supporting pending legislation that would allow craft brewers and others to immediately deduct research and experimental (R&E) expenditures in the year these costs are incurred.

  Additionally, with thousands of players vying for market share, attracting skilled employees and standing out from the crowd has become difficult, particularly given the shortage of applicants that this and many other industries have been facing since the pandemic.

  With these thoughts in mind, we encourage lenders with exposure to the craft beer market to remain in close contact with, and provide guidance to borrowers. From margin pressure to inventory aging, it is important, as always, to understand the many distinct challenges that those borrowers now face– only some of which have been outlined here. Doing so can help build a strong, mutually beneficial relationship while serving to help limit downside risk.

  Hilco has engaged with multiple craft brewers and suppliers over the past year and we welcome the opportunity to share the many insights we have gained through those efforts. Accordingly, we encourage you to reach out to our team to discuss any current or imminent needs you may have. We are here to help.

  Hilco Valuation Services is the world’s leading provider of asset appraisals with a proven, decades-long track record of providing the most accurate appraisals across all asset categories. The scope of the valuations we deliver ranges from a single asset in one domestic location to millions of assets located around the world. We are able to affirm current asset value through proprietary market data sourced from the collective worldwide asset disposition and acquisition experiences of Hilco Global over time. In contrast to the aged data relied upon by others in the industry, access to this cumulative, real-time information ensures delivery of the most reliable valuations for our clients. From brewing, distilling and chemical processing, to aerospace, financial services, retail, energy, healthcare and technology, we have delivered valuations for all industries. Additionally, the breadth and depth of our team’s expertise enables us to provide services ranging from Lending and Financial Reporting to Enterprise Planning and Litigation Support.

  Adam Stump is a managing director at Hilco Valuation Services and has been active in the auction, liquidation and appraisal industries since 1998. He frequently consults with financial institutions on asset-based loans and recovery, and over the past 12 months has been instrumental in delivering appraisal and advisory pertaining to dozens of craft brewers. During the course of his career, Adam has conducted or managed thousands of valuations across a wide spectrum of M&E categories including Metalworking, Fabricating, Plastics Manufacturing, Production & Assembly, Packaging, Distribution, Fulfillment, Food and Beverage, Chemical Processing, among others. He also has testified as an expert witness in numerous litigation cases. He is an avid home brewer as well. Adam earned his Bachelor of Science Degree in Computer Sciences from Bowling Green State University and his Associate of Arts Degree from Colorado Mountain College. Contact Adam at 847.849.2953 or astump@hilcoglobal.com.

Raising a Glass to the 90th Anniversary of the Repeal of Prohibition   

Photo of men and women at the bar in black and white during Prohibition being served alcoholic drinks by 2 bar tenders

By: Becky Garrison

December 5, 1933, marks the date the repeal of the 18th Amendment went into effect, thus ending the United States’ failed efforts to outlaw liquor. The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which went into effect on January 17, 1920, prohibited the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages and their import into or export from the United States and all its territories. The National Prohibition Act designed to enforce this amendment became known as the Volstead Act after Rep. Andrew J. Volstead (R-MN).

  Despite this ban, alcohol continued to flow throughout the United States. So, what exactly were people drinking during Prohibition? 

Legal Consumption of Alcohol During Prohibition   

  Select exemptions under the Volstead Act permitted one to imbibe legally. Any liquor purchased before January 17, 1920, could be consumed at home. Private social clubs and individuals of means and available space amassed a collection of fine wines and liquors that would rival any well-stocked bar, with liquor stores announcing “going out of business” sales throughout the country.

  In keeping with the spirit of allowing mild alcohol consumption in private, this act permitted home winemaking and brewing. Soon after National Prohibition began in the 1920s, grocery stores often carried brick-sized blocks called “Vine-Glo.” These compressed raisins were bound together with condensed grape juice. Attached to the block was a small container of dried yeast. The wrapping contained the following text:

  “WARNING: Do not dissolve this fruit brick in warm water and then add the contents of the yeast packet, as this will result in fermentation and the creation of alcohol, the production of which is illegal.”

  Along those lines, this act banned only the sale of beer but not the ingredients for making it. So, one could purchase malt syrup with a packet of yeast attached that included similar instructions that combining the two could result in an illegal product.

  Also, one could obtain liquor with a medical prescription from a licensed doctor. However, in the first five years of Prohibition, only 26 states allowed the sale of medicinal liquor. In addition, liquor could be used for sacramental and religious purposes, though no statistics exist regarding how many Americans suddenly “got religion” during Prohibition.

The Canadian Connection

  Under Canadian law, local distillers could make spirits for sale to the United States if they paid a $20 per gallon export tax. By the late 1920, the Canadian government suddenly realized how much alcohol revenue was being earned by these various export houses, courtesy of the American bootleggers, and decided to raise the annual licensing fees for these liquor exporting businesses from $3,000 to $10,000.

  As expected, the U.S. government pressured Canada to stem the flow of liquor coming from Canada to the United States. In 1930, the Canadian government finally passed a law banning foreign customers from purchasing booze directly from export houses. However, this failed to deter the export of spirits coming primarily from British Columbia, Ontario and Toronto. 

  Other international waters where one could find smuggling of illicit spirits included the Caribbean, where rum was smuggled, especially along the East Coast. Those who transported their wares via sea, often using high-speed boats designed to evade capture, became known as rumrunners, named after the spirit they were transporting.

Distilling Prohibition-Era Spirits

  Since law enforcement could spot the trails of smoke coming from fires used to heat illegal stills, moonshiners often used cane or malt syrup, as these products could be fermented at room temperature, unlike raw grains that needed to be cooked pre-fermentation. Traditionally, distillers make “cuts” (discarding the beginning and end of the run) of the liquid out of the still to ensure they remove the natural acetaldehyde, methanol and fusel oils that form during fermentation. During Prohibition, distillers often skipped that step so they could get more product from each run, resulting in illegal hooch that proved to be deadly at times.  

  This cutting tended to take place at night in seemingly deserted industrial-looking buildings, rural farms, and other facilities that wouldn’t draw undue attention from law enforcement. Some added water to their liquor so they could produce more bottles from each run. Then, they turned to industrial (denatured) alcohol to give the product an extra kick now that it had been diluted. Denatured alcohol product was still on the market as it was used to make products like fuel, explosives and solvents. Among the products used for cutting were mouthwash, hair tonic, shellac and perfume. Even after the government added an emetic to those products containing denatured alcohol, they were still used as cutting agents with cocktails designed to mask the vile taste of these Prohibition-era spirits.

  In The Spirits of America, Eric Burns notes how poisoned booze was the great, unsung tragedy of Prohibition. “People today know about bootleggers and speakeasies; they are familiar with the names Capone and Kennedy; they have a general impression of casual lawbreaking and wild times kindled by spirits that were not supposed to be so readily available. But they do not know about Yack Yack Bourbon and Jackass Brandy and Squirrel Whiskey. They do not know about cooking alcohol squeezed through a rag and mothballs dropped into a steaming mug of gasoline. And they do not know about Jamaica gin and the men who drank it in doses that were so much more than minute, thereby getting rid of their thirsts for a few minutes as they turned into cripples for the rest of their lives.” (Page 224)

  As Daniel Okrent noted in Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition, “In the saloon era, calling for liquor by brand name was almost unheard of; in the speakeasy era, it became a habit, first as a means of protecting oneself from alcohol of questionable origin, and secondarily as a way of expressing one’s level of taste. Decades later, many of the liquor industry’s best-known brand names owed their prominence to the ubiquity of Prohibition-era rotgut. But knowing one’s brand did not ensure one was drinking said brand. In too many places, if you ordered Brand X, you got Brand X; if you ordered Dewar’s or Gordon’s, you paid twice as much and got Brand X.” (page 162)

The Repeal of Prohibition

  While some states began loosening their liquor laws in the early 1930s, National Prohibition was still in effect until December 5, 1933, when Utah was the 36th state to vote for the 21st amendment repealing Prohibition. The debate over alcohol shifted from whether Prohibition should be repealed to debates over how to tax and regulate the sale of alcohol and distilled spirits in particular.

  John D. Rockefeller, Jr., a nondrinking Baptist who had earlier been a heavy donor to the antiliquor cause, funded a study group in 1933 to explore how to best address this “alcohol problem.” While the group recommended that Prohibition be repealed, they advocated for strict government control of alcohol sales, preferably through state stores where the states could make profits.

  In response, the federal government adopted a three-tier system that permitted each state to develop a structure of checks and balances that provided safe alcohol to consumers while ensuring a simple method to collect tax revenue. The three-tier system is simple in theory: manufacturers provide alcoholic products to wholesalers, who distribute the products to retailers, who sell to the consumers. No one entity can be involved in more than one tier under most state models, and each tier is regulated and licensed separately.

  Alexandra Clough, a spokesperson for the American Crafts Spirits Association (ACSA), reflects on the lingering effects of Prohibition 90 years after its repeal. “We have made much progress to help consumers gain access to craft spirits, but we still struggle to achieve the same loosened regulations that our counterparts in beer and wine have enjoyed for many years. Though we, of course, will be toasting the 90th anniversary of Repeal Day, we will also continue to focus on helping consumers access the incredible craft spirits this country has to offer in more modern ways, like through direct shipping.”

  In recent years, distillers ranging from craft nano-distilleries to Jack Daniels have come out with their version of “White Whiskey,” A.K.A. moonshine. In 2023, Buffalo Trace launched The Prohibition Collection, an annual limited-edition, multi-bottle collection they describe as “honoring the whiskeys that were legally produced and sold at the distillery during arguably the most contentious period in alcohol history.” This debut release tributes five Prohibition-era brands: Old Stagg, Golden Wedding, Three Feathers, Walnut Hill and George T. Stagg Spiritus Frumenti.

  Spirits like Wohlfert Craft’s Distilling’s Sugar Shine continue their family’s spirited legacy by distilling spirits using their relatives’ recipes. John Wolfert’s great-grandparents opened several successful “bakeries,” which became a more spirited clandestine operation during Prohibition. As the smell of the yeast and sugar fermenting smelled similar to bread, they were able to ferment their brews undetected and were even able to downplay a still explosion as simply the result of, say, a gas leak.   

  Even though December 5 has yet to achieve the notoriety of, say, St. Patrick’s Day, some bartenders from across the country continue to honor Prohibition Repeal Day by highlighting Prohibition-era cocktails, including the Bee’s Knees, Side Car and Gin Rickey. Buildings like Smith Tower, where Seattle’s gentleman bootlegger Roy Olmstead conducted his smuggling operations, celebrate the Roaring Twenties with historical displays and craft cocktails on their 35th-floor Observatory Bar. Other establishments, such as Bar 600, located inside Cannery Pier Hotel & Spa in Astoria, Oregon, continue the spirit of this era. Situated on the former site of the Union Fisherman’s Cooperative Packing Company, this decor takes one back to an earlier era by recreating the feeling of the canneries of yesteryear with smokestacks, exposed steel beams & wooden trusses along with a vintage car service.

 Portions of this article are excerpted in Distilled in Washington: A History (March 18, 2024).

Yeast Considerations & Management for Beer, Cider and Spirits

close up of beer liquid

By:  Alyssa L. Ochs

Without yeast, there would be no such thing as the modern form of beer we have come to know and love. This fascinating microorganism is responsible for the essential fermentation process of this beloved beverage. As a living organism and unicellular type of fungi that consumes sugars to produce carbon dioxide and create alcohol carbonation, esters and phenols, yeast influences the quality of a beer and the properties that make it unique.

  Meanwhile, yeast is also valuable for making cider and spirits by impacting flavors and alcohol content during fermentation. Certain yeast strains have proven beneficial for these purposes, while proper yeast measurement and management are critical for a successful craft beverage. To learn more, Beverage Master Magazine connected with industry experts to explore the topic of using yeast in breweries, cideries and distilleries.

Types and Variations of Yeast

  Various kinds of brewery yeast are available to aid craft beverage production, including ale, lager, wheat beer and Belgian yeast strains. Yeasts, such as champagne, wine, beer, wild and cider-specific yeast, are also available for making cider. Craft spirit distillers have traditionally used the saccharomyces cerevisiae species of yeast because of how it converts sugars and produces consistent alcohol without adding off-flavors.

  Hybrid yeast strains that cannot be categorized into the typical types are available and work well when other yeasts are too warm for lagers or too cold for ales, for example. Hybrids can be beneficial for altbier, Kolsch, blonde ale, cream ale and American wheat beer styles. Gene-edited yeasts are genetically modified to achieve more creative flavors and opportunities to mix beer yeast strains to achieve complementary characteristics. While non-saccharomyces were once considered contaminants in brewing and winemaking, recent research suggests they may provide unique sensory characteristics and future potential. All of this goes to show that there’s a lot more to yeast than what you might initially expect in the craft beverage industry.

Fermentation Products for Spirits – Lallemand Biofuels & Distilled Spirits

  To discuss the distilling side of yeast, Mitch Codd, the technical sales leader for Lallemand Biofuels & Distilled Spirits, told Beverage Master Magazine about his company’s role as a leading supplier of fermentation ingredients and how it provides distillers with high-quality yeast, nutrients, enzymes, bacteria, tech support and education programs.

  Codd explained how saccharomyces cerevisiae have been utilized, domesticated and bred for thousands of years. He said that in doing so, humans have selected traits advantageous to whatever application they need, such as baking, brewing beer or making whiskey. Because of this domestication and selection, we now have different types and strains to choose from, each exhibiting unique characteristics from one another.

  “In distilling, there are several important factors that should be considered when choosing a yeast strain,” Codd said. “In the production of spirits, our main goals for fermentations are to utilize all available sugars while also producing desirable flavors and aromas. We may also wish to reduce the production of flavors as much as possible, in the case of making vodka. Both flavorful and neutral spirit productions are feasible and may require a specific yeast selection.”

  “Interestingly, some strains of yeast will utilize maltotriose, a common sugar found in whiskey fermentations, while others may not use them at all,” Codd continued. “The same goes for rum yeast or agave yeast. Molasses will contain high amounts of sucrose while agave fermentations can be high in a sugar called fructose, which can be difficult for some yeast to fully utilize. If we choose a strain of yeast specifically intended for rum or agave, the fermentation will finish dry, and we won’t be sending these valuable sugars to the still. The esters and congeners that each of these strains produce are quite specific to the genetics of each strain. A rum yeast may produce a very high level of isoamyl acetate, responsible for the ripe banana flavor in a heavier rum while a whiskey strain may produce lower levels of Isoamyl acetate but higher levels of phenethyl acetate which would bring a rose or floral note to a good rye whiskey. The strain of yeast we choose for our fermentation can dramatically impact our total amount of spirit produced, as well as the actual flavor and aroma of the final spirit.”

  Customers often ask the Lallemand Distilling team whether a beer or wine strain of yeast can be used for spirits. Codd says that the answer is “maybe” because the strain of yeast chosen is often very specific to the type of final product.

  “Some beer strains can produce a lot of aromas and flavors,” Codd said. “For example, saison strains will generally produce a lot of isoamyl acetate. If that is specifically something we want in a whiskey, it may be possible to use this strain for that fermentation. Oftentimes, however, this will come with fairly significant drawbacks. In the case of using a beer strain for whiskey, one of the more common issues would be with sugar utilization. Earlier, I mentioned that maltotriose, the three-chain sugar molecule, can be very difficult or impossible for some yeast to utilize. A lot of beer strains will never use this sugar, as it is usually desired to have some sweetness left over in the final beer. In distillation, this sugar will never actually show up in the spirit, but it will burn in the still and create off-flavors in your final spirit.”

  “The same concept goes for using wine strains in distilling,” said Codd. “There may be some cases where this practice could make sense and produce a great spirit, but more often than not, a quality distilling strain will produce a far superior product than a beer or wine strain in the same conditions. Since the science of distilled spirits production has advanced so far recently, there are great yeast strains specific for distilling that will help you achieve any goal with respect to flavor production.”

Yeast Measurement and Management – Aber Instruments

  Not only is the type of yeast important in beverage production, but also accurate yeast management and understanding how many live yeast cells are helping you achieve your production goals. Aber Instruments Ltd., UK, headquartered in Aberystwyth, UK, specializes in yeast measurement and management solutions for the brewery industry. They also have an office in Alexandria, Virginia to better support their customers in the Americas. Aber’s yeast monitors are designed to be used in real-time to measure live yeast concentrations. Its Online Compact Range features the flagship Compact Yeast Monitor, the Compact Adapt and the recently released Compact PerfectPitch mobile skid to improve pitch performance and consistency. Meanwhile, Aber’s Countstar Yeast expedites and automates lab yeast readings.

  All major brewing groups and many innovative craft brewing companies, including Summit, Marble and Meantime, have trusted Aber to optimize their pitching and production processes. But in addition to offering these products for effective yeast management in the brewing industry, Aber is engaged in industry research and has published the findings of multiple studies in scientific journals and magazines.

  For example, Aber Instruments introduced the concept of a portable yeast pitching skid for craft brewing and aimed to scale this new technology for smaller breweries. The London-based Meantime Brewing Co. performed a case study to assess the PerfectPitch product’s functionality and found significant improvements in yield and predictability in the pitching process, concluding that the unit ultimately pays for itself. In the case of the Meantime Brewing Co., the Aber PerfectPitch helped reduce fermentation times and improve productivity by up to 25 percent without needing to invest separately in real estate. In a separate study, Aber reported on the process improvements of a yeast monitor tested in South Africa after checking the real degree of fermentation and ferment rates before and after its installation.

  To assess a new rapid automated yeast cell counter that uses a bright-field microscopy and dye-exclusion method, the Aber Countstar Yeast, the company published an article with promising findings in the Journal of the Institute of Brewing & Distilling. According to the report, “The automated cell counter successfully reduced inter-operator errors, a major hindrance with manual analyses. Tests carried out at a brewery in the UK demonstrated that the cell counter provides consistent counts for assorted yeast strains. External tests highlighted the instrument’s ease of use and consistency among different strains of brewing yeast and various stages in the brewing process.”

Yeast Recommendations and Innovations

  Dr. Aditya Bhat, the vice president of technology for Aber Instruments, told Beverage Master Magazine that in his experience of supporting the craft brewing industry over the years, depending on the size of the brewery, craft brewers either acquire yeast from a yeast supplier or they grow and propagate their own yeast. Yeast purchased from a supplier, usually in dry form, must be rehydrated before it is used for pitching and fermentation and monitored for the yeast’s quality and viability.

  “Typically, larger brewers have a cut-off viability percent, below which they will discard the yeast,” Bhat said. “Depending on the brewery, this is typically around 85 to 90 percent viability. The presence of dead cells is detrimental to the final quality and flavor of the beer, hence the importance to check viability. For craft brewers, you would want to use a simple, easy-to-use, plug-and-play technology for this estimation. Something like the Aber Countstar Yeast works really well. It is sometimes known in the brewing world as a ‘lab-in-a-box’ – technology that calculates parameters like live cell count, dead cell count, viability, cell size, percentage aggregate and circularity index in just a few minutes from preparation to measurement.”

  For yeasts propagated in-house, Bhat said that monitoring the propagation in real time has several benefits and can be done using the Aber Compact or Compact Adapt Yeast Monitor.

  “Aber technology will enable you to track the entire propagation process, identify whether the process is going well or is deviating from expectation, activate troubleshooting steps if necessary, save time and energy because of real time monitoring and action and identify when there are enough yeast cells in the propagator to pitch the next brew,” Bhat said. “It makes planning a lot easier, and better planning typically leads to an increase in productivity.”

 There are many things to look forward to with craft beverage yeasts and exciting innovations, such as gene-edited yeast strains. Codd from Lallemand Biofuels & Distilled Spirits explained that a strain of yeast that has been gene-edited is a natural yeast but has been “steered” towards expressing specific characteristics through the intervention of lab methods and DNA editing.

  “Sometimes this has a sort of ‘spooky’ connotation to it, but in reality, using these methods can be incredibly safe and specific with the results that are achieved,” Codd said. “With modern day methods, the changes that are made are precise, and oftentimes they are just changes that boost or suppress natural pathways the yeast is already expressing.”

Codd said that gene-edited yeast strains are a fairly new concept to the distilling industry, with no real precedent yet for use but plenty of promise. In adjacent industries like brewing, these strains seem to have been embraced with open arms, and use was adopted very quickly when they became available.

  “Strains like Lallemand’s “Sourvisiae” beer yeast, which is able to produce sour beers in a single-step fermentation without the need for kettle souring or bacterial additions, are now commonplace in breweries across the country,” Codd said. “I believe the distilling industry would be a fantastic next step for the use of these strains, and there are plenty of really interesting opportunities that it presents. With the recent focus across our industry, and the world, on sustainability, gene edited yeast could help us make big strides in reducing the footprint spirits production has on the environment.”

  But while it is easy to get wrapped up in these more “flashy” innovations on the horizon, Codd said there’s also a lot of promise in some of the more traditional strain development methods.

  “The microorganisms that are responsible for fermentation have an incredible amount of genetic diversity, all with their own unique characteristics,” Codd said. “It’s reasonable to assume that, with that much diversity, there are some really exciting expressions of yeast strains just waiting to be found out there. Every strain we use today has to be discovered at one point in time. The exciting thing is that now we have whole laboratories and companies devoted to searching for or prospecting for these future strains, Lallemand being one of them.”

  “We may find that we can breed various strains together and get an even better flavor expression from the new yeast, or we can search in interesting historical environments and bring a historical strain to market that creates a whiskey similar to what George Washington would have produced,” Codd said. “With new methods, we can screen enormous libraries of yeast and use powerful analytical methods to see exactly what congeners they produce and how well they ferment our intended mash or wash. Most of the next generation of yeast strains will likely be from our tried-and-true species saccharomyces cerevisiae, but there are also several other genres of yeast that seem interesting, colloquially known as ‘non-sacch’s.’ These may prove to be a valuable addition to the distiller’s toolbox in the future.”

AI Crafts Terrible Beer Ads

But Used Properly is a Valuable Customer Growth Tool

man drinking beer

By: David Wach, CEO of Handwrytten

Earlier this year, a U.K. beer advertisement created by AI went viral, but not necessarily in a good way. While the 30-second clip titled Synthetic Summer was viewed millions of times on Twitter, TikTok, Reddit and other platforms, viewers were tuning in out of horror, not because they really wanted to buy some beer. In the video, the humans enjoying a backyard barbeque appear distorted, sport extra fingers, and appear to be violently chugging beer that is not actually touching their lips. Let alone the columns of fire that are shooting out of the grills and the beer canisters that seem to morph from cans to bottles to a hybrid of both from scene to scene. This viral video is a perfect example of what AI is not yet ready to do for the beverage industry – namely create full-scale visual advertising content from scratch. But there are ways that craft beer and cocktail producers can be using to engage customers and boost sales.

  The most effective and unique way that beverage companies can use AI is through a traditional advertising method with a high-tech, modern robotic twist. A survey, conducted by Full Spectrum Insights on behalf of Handwyrtten, found that emails and text messages are, unsurprisingly, the most common way for businesses to communicate with customers but that 45% of customers would feel more valued and be more likely to make repeat purchases if they received a handwritten note. 30% of customers said handwritten notes are the most meaningful way a company could communicate with them and the least annoying, compared with the annoyance of receiving a phone call, email, or text.

  Nothing says “pay attention” like a personalized handwritten note. No one flips past or does not see a handwritten envelope in their mailbox. These stand out from everything else that was delivered. Recipients wonder what could be inside and while envelopes that look like bills or advertisements are set to the side, handwritten envelopes are usually opened immediately. The attention-grabbing nature of a handwritten envelope provides an instant advantage that even the biggest and most prevalent direct mail marketers cannot compete with. Handwritten envelopes have been found to have a 300% greater open rate than standard envelopes. And handwritten marketing has response rates 7-21x greater than printed mail, with a return on investment 3-7x greater than print. Some companies have even found that retention rates are 50% higher for customers who receive a handwritten thank you note.

  Rather than tasking an employee to sit at a desk with a stack of cards and envelopes and bucket of ice to alleviate hand cramps, the task of penning handwritten notes to customers can be outsourced to robots that are capable of using real pens to craft notes that are nearly indistinguishable from ones written by an actual human hand. There are also a variety of AI services available own that can help everyone from a marketing novice to a pro discover the right words to include in the message. From there, it’s about ensuring beverage companies are using the right direct mailing strategy to maximize ROI.

Spend Time On Your Call to Action

  Your call to action (CTA) may be the most important part of your direct mail campaign. This statement tells your recipients how you want them to respond and encourages them to do it. A strong CTA can boost your response rate substantially while a weak one can jeopardize your entire campaign. Every communication piece you send your customers should have a purpose. Identify it and your CTA will come naturally.

  Compelling CTAs are clear and concise. They contain actionable verbs which are impossible to misinterpret. When people read your direct mail letter, they should know what you want them to do. You can ask people outside your marketing department to read your letter and determine whether they understand what’s expected of them.

  Procrastination prevents action. Limit procrastination by adding a sense of urgency to your CTA. Asking your recipients to call today or claim a free sample by a specific deadline is more powerful than making similar statements without referencing time. The way you present your CTA can make it more compelling. White space draws the eye. Separating your CTA from the body of your letter prevents someone from overlooking it. Using a different color or font size can also help your call to action stand out. When using a generative AI program to draft a message be sure to direct it to include a CTA or to make the message time sensitive.

Use Personalized Text

  Savvy consumers will see through a handwritten form letter. Make sure you include personal details to strengthen your bond with your recipients. Using names rather than “To whom it may concern” is an important start. But you should look for other opportunities for personalization, too. Mentioning customers’ locations, past purchases, and pop culture references that people of their ages will probably appreciate are other ways you can show your recipients you’re speaking to them. This is where the human element will need to blend with the content created by the generative AI. You will need to determine a way to integrate customer information into the message created by the AI. For example, a few weeks after a customer has purchased a case of beer or cocktails, use AI to craft a thank you note for the purchase that asks the customer to share their experience and feedback on the vintage. And, linking back to the previous point about CTA, include a limited time deal if they buy the same case again soon.

Get the Timing Right

  As with all marketing campaigns, the timing of your direct mail campaigns plays a key part in their success or failure. Your direct mail will ideally reach your recipients when they’re receptive to the messages inside them.

  Getting the timing right isn’t a precise science, but you’ll do best if you put yourself in your customers’ shoes. The members of your mailing list will probably be receptive to a card promoting a great sale sent in the lead-up to Christmas when they’re searching for gift ideas and planning to spend money. Sales announcements can also be received favorably in April when your customers may have extra money from refunds on their tax returns. Your sales efforts are likely to be less effective in January when customers may suffer from a Christmas credit card hangover.

  Sending direct mail cards through your customers’ journey with your organization is also a great way to engage them and make them feel special. However, timing matters here, too. Send a card saying you have missed a customer’s business too soon and you’ll seem too insincere. However, with the right timing, this type of card can re-engage a lapsed customer and encourage a purchase. On the flip side, a letter thanking a customer for the individual’s business or referring a customer should be sent promptly. If you let too much time elapse, the thank you will seem unnatural.

Think Outside the Box

  Since households don’t receive many letters, your direct mail is already likely to be more memorable than a marketing email. However, you can increase the chances your recipients will recall your direct mail with a novelty. Think outside the box to create a direct mail campaign that makes a real impression.

  Knorr used leuco dye on a direct mail campaign for a new line of frozen food. The cheeky mailing read “Unlike any F****N dinner you’ve ever tried.” Recipients were encouraged to put the mail in the freezer. The extreme cold triggered a new message reading “FROZEN meals can be this delicious.” The quirky campaign, which had a 10.2 percent response rate, prompted 17,000 purchases. This campaign was so successful that half of the mail was delayed to help supermarkets manage the increased demand for the company’s products.

  The great part about all of these direct mail ideas is that they stay in the minds of recipients long after they open the mail. Even if your recipients don’t take action now, they’re more likely to think about your business when they need your products or services in the future. Brainstorm relevant ways you can also enhance your direct mail materials and make them distinctive, and don’t forget about finding ways to save time by implementing AI and robotics.

Glycosidic Nitrile, You Really Should Care Now 

person holding grains

By: Becky Garrison

At the American Craft Spirits Association’s 2022 conference held February 10-12, 2023, in Portland, Oregon, Dr. Campbell Morrissy, a graduate research assistant in the Barley Project at Oregon State University, led a talk about why distillers should be concerned about Glycosidic Nitrile (GN).

  First, he defined GN as “naturally occurring plant metabolites that are used as defenses against predators.” They’re actually pretty sweet, and they are present in almost all plants.” Epiheterodendrin (EPH) is a type of GN found naturally in barley. 

During fermentation, yeast contributes beta-glucosidase, which acts on EPH, resulting in a precursor to hydrogen cyanide. Add heat and copper, and then suddenly,  EC (ethyl carbamate) is present in the final spirit.

    In the United States, there’s a voluntary limit of 125 parts per billion of EC permitted in alcohol products available for sale, which is quite low. As this is a voluntary limit, it’s become a regulatory gray area. As far back as 1993, high enough levels of EC were found in bourbon produced in the United States that would have exceeded regulatory limits established by the EU, UK, Canada and some other countries. Additionally, whiskey sold in Europe needs to meet that low EC concentration. So, those selling to the EU market may face regulation and monitoring of EC levels.

  About 30 years ago, those working with barley in the UK began to realize that GN resulted from barley variety. Now, more than 50 percent of all malting barley purchases in the UK are GN zero and essentially all for the distilling market. Morrissy added that those making whiskey in the UK use GN zero malt with no exceptions.

Defining Barley Varieties and EC Levels

  Generally, there are three categories for defining barley varieties and their propensity to create EC. The non-producer is GN zero, defined as anything less than half a gram per ton of EC. Low producers have 0.5 to 1.5 per ton, and high producers are 1.5 or greater per ton.

  A barley’s ability to produce EC can be measured in two ways. A PCR assay can ascertain whether a given barley variety will have the gene to produce EPH. Also, the quantitative method enables one to measure photometrically if a particular barley reacts to hydrogen cyanide.

  Low GN producers will still produce GN, and its production can be modulated during malting. Anything that’s going to promote malt modification is going to result in more GN. Here, one needs to look at the length of germination. Typically, the germination time for brewing malt is about four days, though with a distiller’s malt, germination can go up to five days, depending on the type. As germination increases, one can see a pretty clear relationship with the level of glycosidic nitrile. While barley variety is important, what matters more is how it malts. Hence, Morrissy recommends connecting with the malthouse to work together to see if pushing modification will impact the EC levels of the resulting spirit.

What Look for When Breeding Barley

  First and foremost, Morrissy stresses looking for strong agronomics. “The farmers are going to need to grow something that they can rely on. Thankfully through very traditional plant breeding techniques, we produce high yielders with low disease resistance, which means fewer inputs. We breed for intolerance for drought and look into low-temperature tolerance for winter lines,” he states.

  Also, Morrissy suggests looking at AMBA-recommended specifications for malt guidelines to select grains known to produce high-quality malt. Along those lines, look for multi-environment adaptation that can be grown all over the place and weather new climatic experiences.

  Here, one needs to differentiate between growing spring or winter barley. Spring barley is planted in the spring and harvested in the summer. Conversely, winter barley is planted in the fall and harvested in the summer. Unlike spring barley, winter barley goes through vernalization and overwinters.

  Winter barley yields more often and has a low-temperature tolerance and less water requirement. When it requires water, it tends to be when water is abundant in most regions due to runoff from winter and late spring rains. While one of the best things for winter barley is snow, some historically very cold places do not see the same snowpack they used to see. Also, winter barley is an excellent erosion control for winter.

  Morrissy observes, “In those places that are windy, putting something that has a root structure in the ground can preserve a lot more topsoil. You also kind of have a de facto cover crop in a time that it might be fallow, so you’re going to out-compete weeds. You may have some pest resistance associated with that.”

  Morrissy notes that different regulatory mechanisms within that GN gene pack can turn on or off depending on climatic changes. Right now, they are not sure how environmental stress response impacts GM production. Currently, more research is needed to understand how the environment impacts GM production in the field.

Producing GN Zero Barley Varieties

  Currently, there’s one GN0 variety approved by the American Malted Barley Association (AMBA). However, Morrissy predicts that with the advent of AMBA’s new recommendations that all varieties of malt for distilling be GN zero, we will start seeing more of these come on the market for brewing and distilling as they go through the AMBA pipeline. Also, some foreign varieties are coming from the private breeding program, and U.S. land grant institutions are breeding some domestic varieties.

  An interesting alternative is naked or hull-less barley. Inherently naked barley is GN zero, though, as Morrissy noted, there isn’t a great supply chain for naked barley right now. Still, there’s a lot of potential for sowing grain without the husk, as that can take up five to seven percent of the total weight of the grain. “If you’re not lautering, you’re doing grain fermentations, or maybe you have a mash filter, you don’t need the husk,” he states.

  At this writing, 10 public breeding programs in the US are working on barley. They’re covering many different areas, producing barley that’s well suited for those larger growing regions and collaborating to make sure that the genetic stocks for sustainability are being shared industry-wide.

Managing EC in the Distillery

  EC is a lowly volatile, heavyweight compound,   whereas its precursor hydrogen cyanide is a very highly volatile, low molecular weight compound. So, according to Morrissy, the more EC that can be formed in the stills and recovered in the silage, the less it will make it into the barrel. Depending on the distilling technique, Morrissy thinks the cyanide fraction is volatile, and the conversation into EC happens very quickly, though it might not get picked up until the spirit is in the barrel.

  Early investigations into the distilling technique find that reflux is highly important in controlling EC. Also, still design and still feed are so important. Trace amounts of EC will form during fermentation, but primarily, the copper catalyst in distillation produces EC. While this work is in the emerging stages, research with copper contact and reflux and controlling EC looks promising.

  For further research into this topic, Morrissy recommends The Hartwick College Center for Craft Food & Beverage, a testing and education resource that supports small and mid-sized breweries, malthouses, farms and other craft food and beverage producers. Also, he suggests joining the American Malted Barley Association.

Enforcing Your Trademarks: How Far Should You Go?

corporate man punching the letter R

By: Brian D. Kaider, Esq.

You’ve secured federal registration for your trademarks and you’ve been building your brand recognition.  Per your trademark attorney’s recommendation, you’ve had quarterly searches conducted to find similar marks.  Lo and behold, a new entry to the market is using your trademark.  Now what?  Stop and take a breath; let the initial surprise or anger settle. There is a lot to consider before taking any action.

Take Stock of the Situation

  First, take a look at your own trademark.  Is it the name of your company or of one of your products?  Is it a national brand or one that is distributed in a small geographic area?  In what classes of goods and services is it registered (e.g., class 033 for vodka, class 040 for “rectification of distilled spirits for others,” etc.)?

  Then look at the competitor’s mark.  Is the mark identical to yours or similar?  How similar?  Is it broadly distributed?  Is it used for the same goods and services as your mark?  If not, how similar are the goods and services?  Are your products marketed through the same trade channels?  Are consumers likely to encounter both your products and theirs?  Have they attempted to register their trademark and, if so, where are they in that process?

  No one question will be determinative in any given case, but on balance, they will help develop a sense of how much effort should be expended to enforce your rights.  As discussed below, there are numerous paths, each with its own set of risks and potential rewards.  An international brand that is known throughout the industry, like Jack Daniel’s®, must be far more protective of its marks than a small brewery in Oregon that has a registered trademark for an IPA product only distributed in the Pacific Northwest.

First Contact

  As the owner of a registered trademark, it is your duty to “police” your mark; that is, to monitor unauthorized use of your mark by others and to enforce your right to exclusivity of that mark.  When large corporations learn of potential infringement, their immediate response is generally to have their attorneys send a cease and desist (C&D) letter.  For smaller companies, a personal attempt to contact the owner of the infringing business is often effective.  Sometimes the other party simply did not know about your mark.  If you found their use of the mark before they spent considerable time and money developing it as a brand, they may be willing to simply let it go.

  When making these calls, it is important to maintain a demeanor that is both friendly and firm.  There is no need to accuse the other side of wrong-doing or of violating your trademark knowingly.  However, you should simply let them know that you do have a registration for the mark and that their use is likely to cause confusion in the market as to the source of your respective goods.  If you give them a reasonable amount of time to work through any inventory bearing the infringing mark and to rebrand, this can often be the end of the matter.

Cease and Desist Letter

  If the friendly approach doesn’t work, the next step is generally a cease and desist letter.  This is most effective if drafted and sent by an attorney.  The tone of these letters tends to be more matter-of-fact.  They identify your trademark(s); explain that you have spent a considerable amount of time, effort, and money to build your brand around the mark; identify the other party’s infringing use; state that the use is unauthorized and likely to cause economic harm and loss of goodwill in your brand; and demand that they stop using the mark within a given time frame.

  While these letters can sometimes be effective, especially against smaller companies, they have become so commonplace that often they are simply ignored by more savvy companies who may wait to see if further steps are taken before deciding whether to rebrand.  Accordingly, you should carefully weigh all of your options and decide in advance whether you will escalate the matter if your C&D letter is ignored.

Letter of Protest / Trademark Opposition

  If the other side has attempted to register their mark, there are two ways to try to prevent the registration.  First, you can file a “letter of protest” with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).  The letter simply informs the trademark examiner of the existence of your trademark and the reasons why you feel that registration of the other party’s mark would damage your mark.  The benefit of this approach is that it is quick, easy, and relatively inexpensive as it generally only takes a few hours for an attorney to prepare and file the letter.  Often filing the letter will prompt the USPTO to issue an office action refusing the registration in light of your trademark, forcing the other side to argue why registration should be allowed.  The downside to the letter of protest is that once it is filed, you have no further opportunity to engage in the process.  If the other side responds to an office action with arguments as to why registration should be permitted, you cannot respond to those arguments. 

  Whether you have filed a letter of protest or not, if the USPTO’s trademark examiner determines that the mark is registerable, it will publish the mark in the Official Gazette.  This publication opens a 30-day window for anyone who believes they will be harmed by registration of the mark to file an opposition to the application.  

  This process should not be entered into lightly.  In some cases, simply filing the opposition will be enough to get the other side to give up its mark.  But, if they choose to fight the opposition, you will find yourself in a litigious process that takes time, effort, and money to complete.  As in civil litigation, the parties to an opposition file motions and briefs, request documents from the other side, take depositions, serve interrogatories that must be answered, and present their evidence to the Trademark Trials and Appeals Board for its consideration. 

  If the opposition goes all the way to the trial stage, it will generally take at least 18 months from when the notice is filed to when the last brief is due and will cost each side in the tens of thousands of dollars.  As with civil litigation, most oppositions do not reach the trial stage, because the parties are able to come to terms and settle the dispute on their own.  But, this often does not occur until sometime in the discovery phase, after both sides have spent a considerable amount on legal fees.

  It is important to note that the object of an opposition proceeding is to prevent registration of the other side’s trademark and, if you are successful, that is your sole remedy.  There are no monetary damages awarded, nor can you recover your legal fees from the other side.  Moreover, while they will lose their ability to register their trademark, it does not necessarily mean the other side will stop using the mark on their goods or services.  In that case, you would have to file a trademark infringement litigation (see below) to get them to stop using the mark, entirely.  In practical terms, succeeding in an opposition will often be enough to get the other side to abandon their mark, because if you were to follow through with a civil litigation, they could be on the hook for treble damages for willful infringement.

Trademark Cancellation

  If you discover the other side’s trademark application after the 30-day opposition window has expired, your only option to challenge the mark at the USPTO is to wait until the trademark actually registers and then to file a trademark cancellation proceeding.  Though there are some differences between cancellation and opposition proceedings, particularly if the challenged mark has been registered for more than five years, they are similar in most procedural respects. 

Trademark Infringement Litigation

  As one might expect, filing a trademark infringement case in federal court is the nuclear option.  Depending upon the jurisdiction, the time frame for completing a litigation may be faster or slower than an opposition or cancellation proceeding at the USPTO.  But, whereas those procedures will likely cost the parties tens of thousands of dollars, a civil litigation will likely reach six figures, or more. 

  The reason for this higher cost is that there are more issues to consider in these cases.  If you are successful in a civil litigation, you may not only obtain injunctive relief, foreclosing the defendant from all future use of the mark, but also may obtain monetary damages associated with the defendant’s past use of the mark, as well as attorney’s fees expended in the proceeding.  Moreover, if the defendant is found to have willfully infringed your trademark, they may be required to pay treble damages. 

  These issues, which are not even addressed in an opposition/cancellation, add breadth to the scope of discovery taken, which increases the cost.  Further, whereas most opposition/cancellation proceedings are decided without an oral hearing, a civil litigation generally requires live testimony and argument in front of a judge or jury.  These proceedings require a great deal of attorney preparation, dramatically increasing legal fees.

Conclusion

  As the owner of a valid trademark registration, you are obligated to police your mark and failure to do so can result in a dramatic diminishment of your rights or even outright abandonment of your registration.  But, that does not mean you have to file a civil litigation against every minor infringement.  Determining the appropriate path in any given situation requires a careful evaluation of all the circumstances and balancing the risks of action versus inaction.  It is critical to engage a knowledgeable trademark attorney, who will properly assess these risks, your likelihood of success, and the most effective course of action in your case.  

  Brian Kaider is a principal of KaiderLaw, an intellectual property law firm with extensive experience in the craft beverage industry.  He has represented clients from the smallest of start-up breweries to Fortune 500 corporations in the navigation of regulatory requirements, drafting and negotiating contracts, prosecuting trademark and patent applications, and complex commercial litigation. 

Minglewood Distilling Company

Rising From The Ashes

facade of a distilling company building

By: Gerald Dlubala

In the 1880s, in Northern Lawrence County, Ohio, James Mullins noticed an abundance of coal mines popping up. The area was rich in coal, and Mullins decided he wanted to cash in on the surging coal mining business, so he purchased a plot of land between the already-operating Beechwood and Oakwood mines to open his own coal mine. However, before opening, he was reminded by his new hires, many of whom were local and in need of work, that it would surely be bad luck to open and operate a coal mine without properly naming the mine, similar to the naming of ships before launch. Mullins’ wife mentioned that their coal mine settled nicely between the neighboring mines, mingling between them. That single comment launched the beginning of the Minglewood Coal & Ice Company that has now, well over 100 years later, become home to the Minglewood Distilling Company, a small-batch micro-distillery located in Wooster, Ohio.

  Mullins sold coal from his mine and ice procured from the nearby lake when frozen until 1921, when he added a second building on the property. It was heavily insulated with natural cork and used specifically as an ice factory, providing sanitary or electric ice made from distilled water.

  As the years passed, electric refrigerators and natural gas availability sharply reduced the vast need for purchased ice and coal. That demand reduction led to Minglewood Coal & Ice Company closing its doors in the 1950s. An auto repair business took over the smaller building, and the larger, cork-insulated building that once housed an ice factory was transformed into a beer and wine carryout store. The carryout liquor store sustained heavy fire damage in the 1970s and sat in ruin from that day forward, including a massive amount of burnt cork waste. The damage was so bad that the city had plans to demolish the building until current co-owner Mark Morrison purchased the land with the remains of the two buildings included. The city also halted demolition plans on what remained of the damaged buildings providing Morrison would start working on and improving the property immediately. This land purchase began the beginnings of the Minglewood Distilling Company. Morrison opted to keep the Minglewood name out of respect for the area’s history, a trait that continues throughout the distillery, its story and its products.

Carrying on the Minglewood Name

  “We still have two buildings on the property,” said Andrew Morrison, son of Mark and now co-owner and distiller. “The larger building is the original 1880s icehouse heavily damaged in the fire. The smaller building had at least a partial roof and some electricity availability, making it the more practical place to start the restorations and renovations. We started distilling in 2016 and opened to the public beginning in 2017.”

  “The larger building, the former ice plant, has been under renovation for the last four years. It took a lot longer, not only because of the extent of the fire damage but the cleanup included so much burnt cork insulation waste. It must’ve been at least five feet deep, and we actually began by digging it out by hand,” said Morrison. “Additionally, the pandemic slowed everything dramatically. But in May 2023, we were able to host our first event in the space, and it is now open as an event venue for weddings, get-togethers, parties, corporate events and anything else that would benefit from being held in a private space. The back half of the building now houses our production area, and the smaller building we originally used for production is now a permanent bottling facility. We had been rolling out temporary tables to use as our bottling solution, but now, with updated production facilities and available bottling solutions, we hope to increase production and extend our reach substantially.”

  Morrison tells Beverage Master Magazine that patrons will enjoy a rustic, classy space when visiting. The tasting room vibe is reminiscent of the 1940s and 1950s eras, featuring industrial décor with brick walls, concrete floors and exposed ceiling beams.

  “I wouldn’t call it trendy or hip,” said Morrison, “But rather, it’s a place with a throwback feel that reflects and showcases our pride in doing things in the older, traditional ways. Our customers can immediately sense they’re in for a quality experience with owners who care about their products and the visitor experience.

  The Morrisons currently use a stainless steel, hybrid reflux column pot still with a 500-gallon capacity that feeds into a 12-plate reflux column. Their current production schedule is distilling two to three batches a week from November through April, when the city water temperature is perfect for their needs.

  “We use a lot of city water for cooling processes, and in those winter months, the water temperature hovers around 40 degrees, which is perfect for our operation,” said Morrison. “Additionally, our equipment is big enough that, for now, we can make what we need for the year during those months. We generally produce a barrel out of each distillation, which comes to about 50 barrels a year, mostly bourbon and rye, and we distill corn whisky for our flavored whisky products. So, we do have the option to ramp up production rather quickly if and when needed.”

Reigniting the Area’s Historical

Passion with Rye

  After the Revolutionary War and in the 1800s, Germans immigrated to Ohio, including Wayne County. They brought rye from Europe with the intent of farming. Rye is a winter crop that fits extraordinarily well with Ohio’s temperature fluctuations and extremes, including the high freeze and thaw rates in the winter months. When a successful harvest came in spring, farmers found themselves with an excess of rye grains and looked for additional uses, leading to small pot stills on the farms to distill the grains and raise extra money. However, during the Civil War in the 1860s, excise taxes became a reality. As you can expect, farmers didn’t want to deal with the taxes, so many became moonshiners while local granaries became distilleries. Morrison also speculated that with the proximity of Route 30, a major thoroughfare running from the East Coast to Chicago, it’s not a far stretch to think that moonshining and moonshine distribution were also lucrative businesses.

  “Most people don’t remember that the Cedar Valley Distilling Company operated in Wooster between 1862 through the 1940s,” said Morrison. “We like their story and try to keep it alive in our tours with historically accurate retellings. The owner started with a grist mill, purchasing grain from local farmers and hiring additional local farmers and construction workers when other work was unavailable. The distillery was successful enough that they eventually moved to a larger facility, and from all accounts, they could produce 25 barrels a day during their peak production in the late 1800s.”

  “That’s simply unfathomable to me,” said Morrison. “If we ran 24/7 here, we could produce two barrels daily. Cedar Valley Distillery only made rye whisky, and they suddenly found themselves with a very large backstock when prohibition hit. They were able to get a license to distribute medicinal prescriptions, so their backstock ended up being distributed through prescription only. By the time prohibition ended, their backstock was dwindling away to almost nothing due to their prescription distribution and likely a bit of bootlegging. So, they started selling a 65 percent Cuban Rum liquor cut with six-month-old rye whisky aged with wood chips. We actually found some of the bottles over the years, and as you would expect, the concoction was horrible and definitely not a money-maker, causing the distillery to close its doors. Cedar Valley’s buildings and memories are now gone, and it’s rare to find someone in Wooster who remembers them, but we want to keep that history alive. Like them, we make our rye whisky using all local ingredients. We enjoy highly communicative and exceptional relationships with our farmers, who have become more like partners than suppliers. Our corn is grown about five minutes away, just outside of Wooster. Our rye comes from about 15 minutes away, in Dalton, which is eastern Wayne County, and our wheat comes from a co-op just north of us in Seville.”

Community and Partner-Suppliers

Are Critical

  Mark Morrison originally opened Minglewood Distillery with help from a friend that owned and operated wineries in the region. His son Andrew would work with them when he was available. In 2019, Andrew finished his studies, and when Morrison’s partner wanted to return to his true passion, meaning his wineries, the Morrisons bought him out. From that day forward, the father and son team became 50/50 partners, co-owners and distillers.

  “We’ve been using the same farmers for six years since beginning our distillery,” said Morrison. “We are fortunate to have no worries about the consistency and quality of our ingredients or products, and our communication couldn’t be better. Even when our suppliers had a bad year, causing lower overall yields, they told us they had a crop dedicated to us, so we shouldn’t worry. That type of communication and partnership is invaluable.”

  The future looks bright and tasty for Minglewood Distilling Company. Morrison tells Beverage Master that they are looking forward to increasing production and bottling capacity thanks to the updated availability of both buildings. They plan to bump up their bourbon production, eventually offering bottled-in-bond bourbon and rye selections and expanding the overall lineup with more variety and premium offerings.

  For those following the path to owning a distillery in a state that controls licensing, Morrison says that those future distillers should apply to get their license early. He waited, and because the process was a lengthy one, Minglewood initially was only allowed to distill and provide small samples (one ounce per person, per day, cut into quarter-ounce samples) to their patrons, which wasn’t enough for proper tastings to be held or sell their liquors by the bottle. Morrison said that selling cocktails is critical to the bottom line, so obtaining that serving license is important for customers to get to know your products and want to purchase them regularly. Minglewood Distilling Company’s best sellers have been their flavored offerings, with peach leading the way. It really took off in 2020 and hasn’t slowed. Their upcoming pickle whisky is set to be a hit, and a much-anticipated root beer whisky will be available this fall.

  In addition to being able to taste their product lineup at their distillery and tasting room, Minglewood Distillery offers a kitchen and full bar for service and menu offerings featuring meat and cheese boards.

To learn more about Minglewood Distilling Company and its products, visit:

Minglewood Distilling Company

437 East South Street

Wooster, Ohio, 44691

(330) 601-1600

info@minglewooddistilling.com

Scaling Production with Precision

manufacturing machine for beverages

By: Kris Bohm of Distillery Now Consulting

Many beverage businesses start off with the owners or the founders serving in production manufacturing and in sales roles. As the business grows it is no longer feasible for the founders to serve in many of these roles as the needs of the business change with growth. One of the challenges many founders face in scaling their business is maintaining consistent manufacturing practices when they are no longer the person who is responsible for those practices. Training for new employees in small businesses can sometimes be inconsistent or informal.  When training is not implemented cleanly enough that a newly hired employee can fulfill their responsibilities fully it can be frustrating for all involved. Lets take a look at some easy to implement solutions that can help your employees do the best job possible.

  One solution to this problem is creating Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). When you detail in writing each step of the manufacturing process in a document that is readily available to those performing the task, you should get more consistent results. Standard operating procedures can be tedious to create but will save you time in the long run and give your employees the confidence to perform complex tasks with ease. In the process of beverage manufacturing there are many complex steps. Without a set of standard operating procedures it can be extremely difficult for a new hire to fully grasp their roles and responsibilities.

  The optimal steps in training a new hire are the following. Create a written set of operating procedures that are clear and easy to follow. Review the SOP with employees and discuss the steps with them as well to confirm understanding. Once an employee has a basic understanding of the operating procedure the person training the employee along with the new employee should go through the process detailed in the SOP together. By having the trainer first complete the process while following the SOP it will fully demonstrate for the employee how the steps are done. This on hand training will often bring up questions from the employee being trained that might not otherwise come up. Once the employee being trained has seen the process completed following the SOP it is best for them to then complete the procedure outlined in the SOP in the presence of the trainer. It is critical at this step that the trainer does not work hands on with the new employee but is there to only observe and answer questions. If the trainer at this point feels that the employee grasps the SOP and is able to complete it then it is time to move on to additional training. Although this method of training can feel arduous and redundant for an employee, training like this will build their confidence in performing a task that may seem difficult for them. Training this way will also ensure that the manufacturing process will continue to be performed to the correct standards. Implementing a training of this type for all complex tasks will give the creator of the SOP trust in the individuals tasked with completing the process in the SOP.

 Let’s take a look at what a standard operating procedure looks like for a process in a business and talk about some of the key points that you will find in an SOP.

  Let’s go through the practice of generating an SOP:

1)   Go through the process yourself of completing the task that needs a SOP.

2)   Write down all steps and processes required to complete that task.

3)   If there are certain measurements critical to completing the task such as volume temperature or time, include this info in the steps.

4)   If there are complex controls or tools in the process include pictures to help further clarify the written steps.

5)   Place notes in the SOP if there are any hazards in the process or safety concerns.

6)   If there are many steps it can be helpful to add a checklist to accompany the SOP.

7)   Once the SOP has been written, seek feedback on it. Have another person read the SOP ask if they could perform the task.

8)   If the feedback is positive implement that SOP by training your employees.

9)   Put the SOP in a binder or place where it is nearby the location where the task is performed.

  This process of putting in the work to create easy to follow operating procedures, will make work better for everyone. An SOP will guide your employees as they do tasks and give them the confidence that will require less oversight by you. This does not mean that an SOP can replace a manager. The true purpose of an SOP is to provide a resource to ensure complex activities can be done correctly by all who perform it. As a business grows and scales new employees will need to learn how to do their job. The better SOP program you have the faster a new employee will be able to work independently.

Greenbar Distillery: Going Beyond the Spirit

cozy cabin lounge

By: Gerald Dlubala

Located in the arts district of Los Angeles, the Greenbar Distillery operates in a historic brick building built in 1905 and positioned in the same diverse neighborhood that houses iconic residents like Warner Brothers Music, Soho House and Hyperloop. Intermingled with high-end coffee shops, trendy barbershops and homeless tents, husband-and-wife team Melkon Khosrovian and Litty Matthews transformed an old strip club into the Greenbar Distillery in 2011.

  “Our space is colorful, modern, vibrant and warm,” said Khosrovian. “It is multicultural and optimistic, invoking the classic positive vibe of LA, where people come to fulfill their dreams, whatever they may be. There are giant windows overlooking our production floor, so customers can see and understand what we’re all about. We were the first distillery in Los Angeles since at least the Prohibition Era. For the true cocktail lover, Greenbar Distillery was the only exposure to the industry for at least a decade, so we wanted to make sure that if cocktail lovers found us, we did the best possible job to make their cocktail experience positive and up to all of their expectations, while showing them what goes into running a distillery.”

  Khosrovian tells Beverage Master Magazine that the distillery came about out of necessity to keep up with the demand for their homemade spirits beginning in 2004. Neither Khosrovian nor Matthews had any actual distilling or spirits experience. They met in graduate school, and their experience with spirits was only from the consumer side of the bar. But within two years, their home distilling hobby blossomed and became more work than a hobby.

  “We were engaged and doing the normal family circuit, meeting each other’s families, relatives and friends,” said Khosrovian. “For us and our heritage, that meant hosting big gatherings with big meals and frequent toasts featuring our homemade, fruit-based, high-proof alcohol. Litty is a trained chef and foodie with an educated palette, and she considered our homemade alcohol to be slightly medicinal and, frankly, not very good. She would politely pick up her glass for the toast but set it down again without drinking. That was awkward for me, so I set out to make something she would enjoy by incorporating the same culinary skills and techniques she used to produce her amazing food. Additionally, we took trips to the farmers’ markets to find ingredients to add in different ways and improve our alcohol’s flavor and aroma. We had some success, which we quickly bottled for future family gatherings using homemade printed labels. The ultimate feeling of success was when family and friends asked for more, and then friends of friends started requesting bottles of our product.”

  Khosrovian said that interest in their homemade spirits sparked a serious conversation about which direction to take their success. Luckily for all of us, they chose to start distilling on a larger scale. The first step was renting a small space in a nearby town that allowed a slightly larger scale of production to satisfy the demand from friends and relatives but also allowed them to be able to connect with and supply some of the local bars, hotels and restaurants that had an interest in using their products.

  “This was pre-pandemic when 80 percent of our business was related to being used as a bartender brand in restaurants, bars and hotels,” said Khosrovian. “We had tried to gain the home drinker’s interest by putting recipes on our labels, setting up stands at stores with recipes that they could make at home and hosting classes and tastings to try and see where we could improve our marketing and increase bottle sales, but nothing seemed to work. Actually, the reverse happened, even though our drinks received rave reviews. We were totally baffled but finally realized the only way to pursue our dream of showing customers how to drink better and more interesting things using our products was to make it easier for the consumer and provide ready-to-drink (RTD) cocktails.”

  So, Greenbar started offering three spritz cocktails in cans, and as Khosrovian would later admit, that timing was crucial because shortly after, the pandemic closed the bars, hotels and restaurants, literally all of their income sources.

couple drinking happily together
SONY DSC

Pandemic Problems Lead to Successful Solutions

  “The pandemic took away our revenue stream, and since we already found that consumers were unwilling to put in the work to make our cocktails at home, our only choice at this point was to can our cocktails and provide them as additional RTD options,” said Khosrovian. “Initially, we made everything in-house, including vodka, but now our base alcohol is made to our standards off-site. We use the base alcohols to ferment things like rum and whiskey on site and then redistill things like gin, liqueurs and amaro using our unique flavorings. We initially made and carbonated our RTDs in-house and used mobile canners for packaging, but it became very costly and difficult to get on their schedule and adhere to their specified run sizes. Forecasting our needs that far in advance was also a challenge, so about two and a half years ago, we invested in a medium-speed canning line that allows us to do 100 cans per minute in-house, on-site. With a two-million-dollar investment in additional accessories, we can do everything in-house, from creating the spirits to creating carbonated beverages to packaging.”

  “Today, the RTD market remains about 75 percent of our business, and surprisingly, most of it is in the NA (no alcohol) market,” said Khosrovian. “That fact initially humbled us, but as we began to work with markets, who were quite literally our lifeline to the public, we saw that they were getting a lot of questions about NA or LA (low alcohol) options. Those markets were rapidly growing, but consumers wanted something different than only the juice additives or normally available seltzers.”

  Khosrovian said they dove into the NA topic to see if it was a legitimate option because the idea of cocktails without alcohol was unfamiliar to him.

  “We needed to know what the consumers were really after in these types of drinks,” said Khosrovian. “So, we talked to consumers who either drank alcohol minimally or not at all and found the qualities consumers were after in these types of cocktails were related more to the experience of drinking the cocktail than the actual effects of the alcohol.”

•   They wanted something that changed their mood. With proper flavoring and layering, consumers will respond to NA cocktails in the same ways they do to complex, layered, alcohol-based cocktails.

•   Consumers wanted something that reengineered their brains and jolted them out of work mode and into a more social mode, similar to the vibe that alcohol-based counterparts do.

•   They wanted something they could drink comfortably and slowly, changing the tempo and brain function to initiate a slower pace to their mental state and social interactions.

  “We began to ask ourselves if we could provide these things with NA cocktails and have them function and deliver the overall experience similar to their alcohol-based counterparts. The answer was obviously yes, because consumers are looking for more of these types of options. As a result, NA cocktails can be enjoyed more often and in more situations without the limitations or consequences of alcohol consumption.

Organics, Sustainability and One-Bottle-One-Tree

  Khosrovian tells Beverage Master Magazine that sustainability wasn’t a primary goal of Greenbar Distillery but rather an accidental, fortunate outcome of their business philosophy. In California, where the growing season is year-round, Khosrovian always requests the best aromatic and flavorful produce from partnering farmers. When he inadvertently received a harvest from a certified organic orchard without his knowledge, a batch of chocolate orange vodka was noticeably different. It was better, as in more aromatic and more flavorful, but different. That experience from a grower growing organic to make sure his farm would be a lasting legacy for future generations made such an impression because of the increased flavor and aroma that Khosrovian and Matthews immediately decided to use only organic ingredients from that day forward. But they also researched and learned more about implementing organic and sustainable practices in other production areas.

  “We applied this same way of thinking to our packaging, including bottles, printing, labeling, capsules and so on,” said Khosrovian. “We traditionally used heavyweight bottles with laminated labels on virgin paper that would last 100 years. But who would actually want to keep these things that long? We continually asked ourselves what else we could do to help. Both of our heritages have a tradition of planting a tree for every baby born in the family, and in a way, these bottles are our kids. So, we started a program to plant a tree for every bottle we sold, and the Greenbar name was born. It just felt right to give back for our success. We communicated this to all of our customers, and it sounded noble, but no one knew what it actually meant. We needed verifiable results, so after the first year, we hired agencies to determine what effect this action of planting high-canopy trees in return for bottle sales really had on our carbon footprint. In consumer terms, the results showed that if the average American drinks one and a half ounces of our spirits in a day, they are carbon negative for that day. It’s a little thing, but eventually, it adds up and makes a difference. Since 2008, we’ve planted over a million trees, equating to 10 to 12 million carbon-neutral people daily.”

  “So, now we ask, what has your drink done for you?” said Khosrovian. “We’re not revolutionizing or stopping climate change, but it’s something for the consumer to consider. We still have to deliver on our promise of drinking better and more interesting things with great taste, but if the consumer has a choice between products that give them the same or better experience, then maybe they can look towards products that go beyond the spirit and help out in other ways.”

Staying Within Yourself

  “I would tell anyone starting in this business first to get to know yourself and be true to your feelings because, in the end, that’s what you’ll end up doing,” said Khosrovian. “Don’t shortchange yourself or your possibilities because you don’t have to follow anyone’s footsteps in distilling. Grab your chance to be creative, and whatever you do will work and be satisfying. Some will like it, some won’t and that’s okay, but fakes usually don’t last. We’ve evolved over 18 years from helping restaurant, bar and hotel industries serve those who prefer to drink better outside of the home to helping customers drink better wherever they want to consume our products. We’ve learned things the hard way, but frankly, we got lucky on many business fronts as well. We are very good at manipulating and layering flavors to make our products delicious, flavorful and interesting to the consumer. In return, they appreciated and wanted more. Our love and passion come through in our products, so much so that as a loving gesture to my wife, Litty, there is a heart on nearly every one of our products, signifying how we got all of this started.”

  Khosrovian and Matthews also look for that same creativity, passion and willingness to play and learn in their employees. The freedom to express oneself and occasionally screw up is part of being a Greenbar Distillery employee. Khosrovian says mistakes happen and are okay because that learning experience will lead to improvements and ultimately result in happy customers.

Consumers Drive Future Goals

  “We will be going more towards the whole cocktail as our product versus only ingredients,” said Khosrovian. “This includes looking at RTDs in every format available, versus only base spirits. Our experience has opened our eyes to how much the customer is willing to embrace cocktails outside of the bar atmosphere, provided we can give them a similar experience and level of comfort. As happy as we are that the restaurant and bar world has returned, regularly going out to a bar can be inconvenient and expensive. We provide the best of the bar experience for consumers in every format possible, wherever they choose to drink better and more interestingly to enjoy our products”.

  Greenbar Distillery now makes the most extensive portfolio of organic spirits globally. Joining their TRU Vodkas are CRUSOE Rums, IXA Tequilas, SLOW HAND Whiskeys, FRUITLAB Liqueurs, CITY Gins, GRAND POPPY and GRAND HOPS Amari and BAR KEEP Bitters.

  “As a craft distiller, we always strive to meet the consumers where they are to ensure their craft cocktail experience is better, easier and more interesting.”

  For more product information, or to learn more about Greenbar Distillery, visit or call: Greenbar Distillery, 2459 E 8th Street, Los Angeles, CA  90021, (213) 375-3668, www.greenbardistillery.com